I really enjoyed reading your comprehensive breakdown of this week's topic. The concept of cultural appropriation in this context was much more complex for me to think about than most other cases. I completely understand the motivation to rebuild the Black identity in the US, and imbue it with more positive and empowered history. As a community of people who were stripped of their national identity, it makes sense to me that they would seek a geographical place to form community that feels agential and not forced upon them. However, I agree with you that the adoption and modification of Islamic doctrine to fit this narrative did not work because of how incompatible that practice was with the core values of the religion.

I really liked what you wrote Grace and I just wanted to add a point. Considering Malcom's journey through Concord and Norfolk prisons we can say that this (the journey I mean) not only marked a physical confinement but became a powerful setting for intellectual and spiritual liberation. Norfolk, with its "intellectual atmosphere," opened doors for Malcolm that allowed him to critically engage with race, history, and identity. This shift—from the gossip-filled isolation at Concord to a haven of books and debates at Norfolk—helped Malcolm shape his voice, fueled by the intellectual rigor he found there. I also like to add that your mention of Silencing the Past, made me put this in my reading list!

I completely agree with you. The NOI and the MST were extremely far from the teachings of Islam, all while falsely claiming some sort of religious, racial, and moral superiority. On top of their racist and separatist views, their teachings were blasphemous and went against the fundamental beliefs of Islam. Not only did certain men claim to be prophets of Islam, and messengers of God, but they were also worshipped by the members of their organizations. For example, many people began worshipping Elijah Muhammad, and adoring him. This is clearly Shirk, which is the most serious sin one can commit in Islam. As you justly say in your concluding paragraph, these movements can be seen as completely separate from Islam. I am glad that people such as Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali left these organizations, and actually started practicing Islam.