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Adding onto the question about Zakat and Sadaqa, I think they held significant importance Muslims in hiding or enslaved because they were easier to accomplish than other pillars. Charity giving, although not as emphasized also holds significant importance in Christianity. In addition both can be understood as forms of nonviolent resistance. As you mentioned they can be understood as a sign of solidarity and this makes me think of the dance capoeira that Brazilians practiced. This was a form of non-violent resistance because they passed of something cultural such a dance, when it was actually a martial art and they were training for a revolution. Obviously Zakat holds a very different meaning, but Muslims were still helping their community grow so their actions can be seen as a force of psychological resilience instead of physical. Also, Diouf speaks about this allowed Muslims to assert their autonomy economically.

I think you make a really good point about ignorance and its dangers in this context. I think that the most significant inhibitor to social change might actually be fear, which you mention as well. As Baldwin writes in his letter, "people find it very difficult to act on what they know (...) the danger, in the minds of most white Americans is the loss of their identity." As Yancy explains through the work of Sarah Ahmed and others, white people have not had to think about their whiteness. Whiteness is "invisible," and addressing their privilege would be a threat to a white person's comfortable position as the default, or the normative existence. The unwillingness to look critically at whiteness, or to allow others to do so, perpetuating whiteness as the default, is what inhibits real systemic change.